Do : auxiliaire ou simple verbe ?

Sommaire do : auxiliaire ou verbe ?
La grammaire anglaise niveau A2 (débutant)
Do : auxiliaire ou verbe ? niveau A1 (novice)

Do/Did : auxiliaire ou simple verbe ?

I. Le verbe "do"

Le verbe do est l’équivalent du verbe français "faire". Il est suivi d’un COD :

- I do my homework every evening. (= Je fais mes devoirs tous les soirs).
Sa forme passée, did, correspond aux différentes formes passées du verbe "faire" :
- I did my homework last night. (= J’ai fait mes devoirs hier soir).
Il se combine, au présent et au passé avec la forme be+ing¹ :
- I’m busy. I’m doing my homework. (= Je suis occupé. Je fais / je suis en train de faire mes devoirs).
- I was doing my homework when Dad entered my room. (= Je faisais mes devoirs quand Papa est entré dans ma chambre).

II. Au passé, aux formes interrogatives et négatives

Comme tous les autres verbes, do est conjugué avec l’auxiliaire did qui, lui, n’est pas suivi d’un COD mais d’une base verbale.

III. Conjugaison du verbe do (en gris dans ce tableau) au simple past

Personnes	Forme +	Forme ?²	Forme -²
1^ère sing	I did* my homework.*	Did I do my homework ?	I didn’t do my homework.
2^ème sing	You did* your homework.*	Did you do your homework ?	You didn’t do your homework.
3^ème masc sing	He did* his homework.*	Did he do his homework ?	He didn’t do his homework.
3^ème fem sing	She did* her homework.*	Did she do her homework ?	She didn’t do her homework.
3^ème neutre sing	The robot did* the housework every day.*	Did It do the housework every day ?	It didn’t do the housework every day.
1^ère plur	We did* our homework.*	Did we do our homework ?	We didn’t do our homework.
2^ème plur	You did* your homework.*	Did you do your homework ?	You didn’t do your homework.
3^ème plur	They did* their homework.*	Did they do their homework ?	They didn’t do their homework.

Les auxiliaires dans ce tableau figurent en gras orange.

IV. Conjugaison du verbe do (en gris dans ce tableau) au présent be+ing

Personnes	Forme +	Forme ?²	Forme -²
1^ère sing	I am doing³ my homework.	Am I doing* my homework ?*	I am not doing* my homework.*
2^ème sing	You are doing* your homework.*	Are you doing* your homework ?*	You aren’t doing* your homework.*
3^ème masc sing	He is doing* his homework.*	Is he doing* his homework ?*	He isn’t doing* his homework.*
3^ème fem sing	She is doing* her homework.*	Is she doing* her homework ?*	She isn’t doing* her homework.*
3^ème neutre sing	The robot is doing* the housework every day.*	Is it doing* the housework every day ?*	It isn’t doing* the homework every day.*
1^ère plur	We are doing* our homework.*	Are we doing our homework ?	We aren’t doing* our homework.*
2^ème plur	You are doing* your homework.*	Are you doing your homework ?	You aren’t doing* your homework.*
3^ème plur	They are doing* their homework.*	Are they doing their homework ?	They aren’t doing* their homework.*

Les auxiliaires dans ce tableau figurent en gras orange.

V. Conjugaison du verbe do (en gris dans ce tableau) au passé en be+ing

Personnes	Forme +	Forme ?²	Forme -²
1^ère sing	I was* doing³ my homework.*	Was I doing my homework ?	I am not doing* my homework.*
2^ème sing	You were doing* your homework.*	Were you doing* your homework ?*	You weren’t doing* your homework.*
3^ème masc sing	He was doing* his homework.*	Was he doing* his homework ?*	He wasn’t doing* his homework.*
3^ème fem sing	She was doing* her homework.*	Was she doing her homework ?	She wasn’t doing* her homework.*
3^ème neutre sing	The robot was doing* the housework every day.*	Was it doing the housework every day ?	It wasn’t doing* the homework every day.*
1^ère plur	We were doing* our homework.*	Were we doing our homework ?	We weren’t doing* our homework.*
2^ème plur	You were doing* your homework.*	Were you doing your homework ?	You weren’t doing* your homework.*
3^ème plur	They were doing* their homework.*	Were they doing their homework ?	They weren’t doing* their homework.*

Les auxiliaires dans ce tableau figurent en gras orange.

1. Voir la fiche sur lien le présent be+ing lien droite
2. remarquez que l’auxiliaire did ne change pas de forme, quelle que soit la personne du sujet : il fonctionne comme un auxiliaire modal.
3. participe présent du verbe do. L’auxiliaire, lui, n’a que deux formes : do et did. → il fonctionne comme un auxiliaire modal.

Exercices : do, auxiliaire ou simple verbe ?